10.15.96

written exams...not done being graded yet.

dr orsini remarks that it might seem frustrating that there isn't as much 
information per unit work in this unit. it's a lot of work to cut off the 
skin and the legs, and you don't gather as much info. this doesn't mean 
you are MISSING something or anything...there isn't that much clinical 
relevance to the neck area. figure out what smallwood thinks is important 
and what we've talked about it chalk talks. if dr orsini said he didn't 
know or didn't care what a muscle was, don't waste time on it.

starting thursday, we'll pick up the pace. we'll be moving into the GI 
tract and the limbs of the large animals.

Thursday: pelvic limb. viscera A and B.
Friday: C and D viscera, pelvic limb.

smallwood p 50 talks about paravertebral anesthesia in the ox. READ THIS 
SECTION. it can be very important in the ruminant.

last rib is associated w/T13 in the goat or T18 in the horse.  So the 
nerve of T13 comes out and is associated w/the rib.. then L1 comes out 
and runs along the body wall, and all of these nerves come out like that. 
So, you can do a nerve block of T13 and L1 and L2 and have all the 
anesthesia you need for a lat abd incision. you inject in the PARALUMBAR 
FOSSA. see drawing in smallwood. 
important in bovine practice. you can also do an inverted L block, kind 
of a "cheating" method because you just use a lot of anesthetic and you 
don't need to know where the nerves are.

GI SYSTEMS

Goat: the GI tract of the ruminant is really different. need to learn new 
terminology.  recall that dog had simple stomach coming off the esophagus 
and opening into duodenum. in the ruminant, the stomach is ENLARGED along 
the GREATER CURVATURE and is compartmentalized.  this huge stomach pushes 
everything else over to the right side. the whole left side of the 
stomach is the very very large (50 gallons in a cow) RUMEN (into which 
the esophagus opens), which has a small "sac" cranially located called 
the RETICULUM. There is a medium sized OMASUM (into which the reticulum 
opens) somewhat ventral to and on the right of the cranial side of the 
rumen, and the OMASUM opens into an ABOMASUM which looks similar to the 
simple stomach, and opens into the small intestine.

The RUMEN displaces most organs from the L side of the abdominal cavity.